What condition occurs with inflammation of the nail matrix?

When inflammation of the nail matrix occurs, the condition known as onychia develops. This condition is specifically characterized by the swelling and inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail, often resulting in pain and sometimes pus accumulation. The nail matrix is the tissue beneath the base of the nail, responsible for nail growth. When it becomes inflamed due to infection, injury, or other irritants, it can lead to various symptoms, including redness and swelling around the nail.

In contrast, hyperhidrosis refers to excessive sweating, while lentigines are sun-induced pigmented lesions on the skin, and callouses are areas of thickened skin that form as a protective response to friction or pressure. These conditions do not directly relate to the inflammation of the nail matrix, reinforcing that onychia is the correct answer in this context.