What do ammonia-free waves use as an alternative to ammonia?

Ammonia-free waves utilize an ingredient less volatile than ammonia to alter the pH and enable the chemical reaction necessary for perming the hair. This alternative is often a type of organic acid or a different type of neutralizer that helps to open the hair cuticle without the harshness associated with traditional ammonia-based solutions.

The primary purpose of using a less volatile agent is to minimize damage to the hair while still allowing for effective texture changes. Such formulations can provide advantages like reduced odor and less irritation, making for a more pleasant experience during the perming process.

Water-based solutions utilize water as a primary solvent but do not possess the necessary properties for effectively performing a chemical wave. Stronger chemical agents would potentially cause more damage than ammonia, and an oil-based mixture may not have the necessary pH-altering properties to facilitate the perming process. Thus, an ingredient less volatile than ammonia is distinctly appropriate for creating a gentler but effective perming solution.